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2017 ; 12
(ä): 571-581
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Glutathione inhibits antibody and complement-mediated immunologic cell injury via
multiple mechanisms
#MMPMID28390315
Zhang Z
; Zhang X
; Fang X
; Niimi M
; Huang Y
; Piao H
; Gao S
; Fan J
; Yao J
Redox Biol
2017[Aug]; 12
(ä): 571-581
PMID28390315
show ga
Antioxidant glutathione (GSH) plays an important role in the regulation of
immunity. However, little is known about its effects on humoral immunity,
especially its action on effector molecules like antibody and complement. Given
that these molecules contain abundant disulfide bonds, we speculated that GSH
might influence the action of these proteins via its thiol function. Using a
model of a glomerular mesangial cell (MC) lysis induced by antibodies plus
complement, we addressed this hypothesis. Exposure of rat MCs to anti-Thy-1
antibody plus complement or anti-MC rabbit serum caused a complement-dependent
cell lysis, which was completely blocked by GSH. Moreover, GSH potently prevented
the antibody-mediated agglutination of red blood cells and aggregation of
antibody-sensitized microspheres. Further analysis revealed that GSH inhibited
antibody binding to antigens and promoted the conversion of the antibodies to its
reduced forms. GSH also potently inhibited the formation and deposition of C5b-9
in MCs and suppressed both the classic and alternative complement activation
pathway. Lastly, GSH attenuated P38 activation, an oxidative sensitive kinase
that partially mediated the antibody- and complement-dependent MC lysis.
Depletion of GSH via inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase or xCT
transporter augmented P38 activation and sensitized MCs to the cell lysis.
Collectively, our results indicate that GSH protects cells from immunological
cell damage via mechanisms involving inhibition of antibody binding to the
antigens, suppression of complement activation and augmentation of cellular
defense mechanism. Our study provides novel mechanistic insights into the actions
of GSH in the regulation of immune responses and suggests that GSH might be used
to treat certain immune disorders.