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.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 Biophys+Rev
2017 ; 9
(2
): 73-77
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Essential role of long non-coding RNAs in de novo chromatin modifications: the
genomic address code hypothesis
#MMPMID28424740
Nishikawa K
; Kinjo AR
Biophys Rev
2017[Apr]; 9
(2
): 73-77
PMID28424740
show ga
The epigenome, i.e., the whole of chromatin modifications, is transferred from
mother to daughter cells during cell differentiation. When de novo chromatin
modifications (establishment or erasure of, respectively, new or pre-existing DNA
methylations and/or histone modifications) are made in a daughter cell, however,
it has a different epigenome than its mother cell. Although de novo chromatin
modification is an important event that comprises elementary processes of cell
differentiation, its molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. We argue, in
this letter, that a key to solving this problem lies in understanding the role of
long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a type of RNA that is becoming increasingly
prominent in epigenetic studies. Many studies show that lncRNAs form
ribonucleoprotein complexes in the nucleus and are involved in chromatin
modifications. However, chromatin-modifying enzymes lack the information about
genomic positions on which they act. It is known, on the other hand, that a
single-stranded RNA in general can bind to a double-stranded DNA to form a triple
helix. If each lncRNA forms a ribonucleoprotein complex with chromatin-modifying
enzymes on one hand and, at the same time, a triple helix with a genomic region
based on its specific nucleotide sequence on the other hand, it can induce de
novo chromatin modifications at specific sites. Thus, the great variety of
lncRNAs can be explained by the requirement for the diversity of "genomic address
codes" specific to their cognate genomic regions where de novo chromatin
modifications take place.
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