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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 217.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Int+J+Chron+Obstruct+Pulmon+Dis 2017 ; 12 (ä): 1009-18 Nephropedia Template TP
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The recent advances of phenotypes in acute exacerbations of COPD #MMPMID28392685
Zhou A; Zhou Z; Zhao Y; Chen P
Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017[]; 12 (ä): 1009-18 PMID28392685show ga
Exacerbations of COPD are clinically relevant events with therapeutic and prognostic implications. Yet, significant heterogeneity of clinical presentation and disease progression exists within acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD). Currently, different phenotypes have been widely used to describe the characteristics among patients with AECOPD. This has proved to be significant in the treatment and prediction of the outcomes of the disease. In this review of published literature, the phenotypes of AECOPD were classified according to etiology, inflammatory biomarkers, clinical manifestation, comorbidity, the frequency of exacerbations, and so on. This review concentrates on advancements in the use of phenotypes of AECOPD.