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2017 ; 18
(1
): 270
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Bromodomain protein 4 discriminates tissue-specific super-enhancers containing
disease-specific susceptibility loci in prostate and breast cancer
#MMPMID28359301
Zuber V
; Bettella F
; Witoelar A
; Andreassen OA
; Mills IG
; Urbanucci A
BMC Genomics
2017[Mar]; 18
(1
): 270
PMID28359301
show ga
BACKGROUND: Epigenetic information can be used to identify clinically relevant
genomic variants single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of functional importance
in cancer development. Super-enhancers are cell-specific DNA elements, acting to
determine tissue or cell identity and driving tumor progression. Although
previous approaches have been tried to explain risk associated with SNPs in
regulatory DNA elements, so far epigenetic readers such as bromodomain containing
protein 4 (BRD4) and super-enhancers have not been used to annotate SNPs. In
prostate cancer (PC), androgen receptor (AR) binding sites to chromatin have been
used to inform functional annotations of SNPs. RESULTS: Here we establish
criteria for enhancer mapping which are applicable to other diseases and traits
to achieve the optimal tissue-specific enrichment of PC risk SNPs. We used
stratified Q-Q plots and Fisher test to assess the differential enrichment of
SNPs mapping to specific categories of enhancers. We find that BRD4 is the key
discriminant of tissue-specific enhancers, showing that it is more powerful than
AR binding information to capture PC specific risk loci, and can be used with
similar effect in breast cancer (BC) and applied to other diseases such as
schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to evaluate the enrichment of
epigenetic readers in genome-wide associations studies for SNPs within enhancers,
and provides a powerful tool for enriching and prioritizing PC and BC genetic
risk loci. Our study represents a proof of principle applicable to other diseases
and traits that can be used to redefine molecular mechanisms of human phenotypic
variation.