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.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 Hum+Resour+Health
2017 ; 15
(1
): 25
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
Twit Text FOAVip
Twit Text #
English Wikipedia
An examination of the causes, consequences, and policy responses to the migration
of highly trained health personnel from the Philippines: the high cost of
living/leaving-a mixed method study
#MMPMID28359313
Castro-Palaganas E
; Spitzer DL
; Kabamalan MM
; Sanchez MC
; Caricativo R
; Runnels V
; Labonté R
; Murphy GT
; Bourgeault IL
Hum Resour Health
2017[Mar]; 15
(1
): 25
PMID28359313
show ga
BACKGROUND: Dramatic increases in the migration of human resources for health
(HRH) from developing countries like the Philippines can have consequences on the
sustainability of health systems. In this paper, we trace the outflows of HRH
from the Philippines, map out its key causes and consequences, and identify
relevant policy responses. METHODS: This mixed method study employed a
decentered, comparative approach that involved three phases: (a) a scoping review
on health workers' migration of relevant policy documents and academic literature
on health workers' migration from the Philippines; and primary data collection
with (b) 37 key stakeholders and (c) household surveys with seven doctors, 329
nurses, 66 midwives, and 18 physical therapists. RESULTS: Filipino health worker
migration is best understood within the context of macro-, meso-, and micro-level
factors that are situated within the political, economic, and historical/colonial
legacy of the country. Underfunding of the health system and un- or
underemployment were push factors for migration, as were concerns for security in
the Philippines, the ability to practice to full scope or to have opportunities
for career advancement. The migration of health workers has both negative and
positive consequences for the Philippine health system and its health workers.
Stakeholders focused on issues such as on brain drain, gain, and circulation, and
on opportunities for knowledge and technology transfer. Concomitantly, migration
has resulted in the loss of investment in human capital. The gap in the supply of
health workers has affected the quality of care delivered, especially in rural
areas. The opening of overseas opportunities has commercialized health education,
compromised its quality, and stripped the country of skilled learning
facilitators. The social cost of migration has affected émigrés and their
families. At the household level, migration has engendered increased consumerism
and materialism and fostered dependency on overseas remittances. Addressing these
gaps requires time and resources. At the same time, migration is, however, seen
by some as an opportunity for professional growth and enhancement, and as a
window for drafting more effective national and inter-country policy responses to
HRH mobility. CONCLUSIONS: Unless socioeconomic conditions are improved and
health professionals are provided with better incentives, staying in the
Philippines will not be a viable option. The massive expansion in education and
training designed specifically for outmigration creates a domestic supply of
health workers who cannot be absorbed by a system that is underfunded. This
results in a paradox of underservice, especially in rural and remote areas, at
the same time as underemployment and outmigration. Policy responses to this
paradox have not yet been appropriately aligned to capture the multilayered and
complex nature of these intersecting phenomena.
|*Attitude of Health Personnel
[MESH]
|*Emigration and Immigration
[MESH]
|*Health Personnel
[MESH]
|*Health Services Accessibility
[MESH]
|*Medically Underserved Area
[MESH]
|*Motivation
[MESH]
|*Professional Practice Location
[MESH]
|Delivery of Health Care/economics/standards
[MESH]