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.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 Physiol+Genomics
2017 ; 49
(3
): 180-192
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Nephron number, hypertension, and CKD: physiological and genetic insight from
humans and animal models
#MMPMID28130427
Wang X
; Garrett MR
Physiol Genomics
2017[Mar]; 49
(3
): 180-192
PMID28130427
show ga
The kidneys play a vital role in the excretion of waste products and the
regulation of electrolytes, maintenance of acid-base balance, regulation of blood
pressure, and production of several hormones. Any alteration in the structure of
the nephron (basic functional unit of the kidney) can have a major impact on the
kidney's ability to work efficiently. Progressive decline in kidney function can
lead to serious illness and ultimately death if not treated by dialysis or
transplantation. While there have been numerous studies that implicate lower
nephron numbers as being an important factor in influencing susceptibility to
developing hypertension and chronic kidney disease, a direct association has been
difficult to establish because of three main limitations: 1) the large variation
in nephron number observed in the human population; 2) no established reliable
noninvasive methods to determine nephron complement; and 3) to date, nephron
measurements have been done after death, which doesn't adequately account for
potential loss of nephrons with age or disease. In this review, we will provide
an overview of kidney structure/function, discuss the current literature for both
humans and other species linking nephron deficiency and cardio-renal
complications, as well as describe the major molecular signaling factors involved
in nephrogenesis that modulate variation in nephron number. As more detailed
knowledge about the molecular determinants of nephron development and the role of
nephron endowment in the cardio-renal system is obtained, it will hopefully
provide clinicians the ability to accurately identify people at risk to develop
CKD/hypertension and lead to a shift in patient care from disease treatment to
prevention.
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