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2017 ; 8
(ä): 365
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English Wikipedia
The Maternal Diet, Gut Bacteria, and Bacterial Metabolites during Pregnancy
Influence Offspring Asthma
#MMPMID28408909
Gray LE
; O'Hely M
; Ranganathan S
; Sly PD
; Vuillermin P
Front Immunol
2017[]; 8
(ä): 365
PMID28408909
show ga
This review focuses on the current evidence that maternal dietary and gut
bacterial exposures during pregnancy influence the developing fetal immune system
and subsequent offspring asthma. Part 1 addresses exposure to a farm environment,
antibiotics, and prebiotic and probiotic supplementation that together indicate
the importance of bacterial experience in immune programming and offspring
asthma. Part 2 outlines proposed mechanisms to explain these associations
including bacterial exposure of the fetoplacental unit; immunoglobulin-related
transplacental transport of gut bacterial components; cytokine signaling
producing fetomaternal immune alignment; and immune programming via metabolites
produced by gut bacteria. Part 3 focuses on the interplay between diet, gut
bacteria, and bacterial metabolites. Maternal diet influences fecal bacterial
composition, with dietary microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs) selecting
short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria. Current evidence from mouse
models indicates an association between increased maternal dietary MACs, SCFA
exposure during pregnancy, and reduced offspring asthma that is, at least in
part, mediated by the induction of regulatory T lymphocytes in the fetal lung.
Part 4 discusses considerations for future studies investigating maternal
diet-by-microbiome determinants of offspring asthma including the challenge of
measuring dietary MAC intake; limitations of the existing measures of the gut
microbiome composition and metabolic activity; measures of SCFA exposure; and the
complexities of childhood respiratory health assessment.