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.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 Curr+Opin+Infect+Dis
2016 ; 29
(3
): 295-303
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Tissue tropisms in group A Streptococcus: what virulence factors distinguish
pharyngitis from impetigo strains?
#MMPMID26895573
Bessen DE
Curr Opin Infect Dis
2016[Jun]; 29
(3
): 295-303
PMID26895573
show ga
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Group A streptococci (GAS) are a common cause of pharyngitis
and impetigo, and distinct throat strains and skin strains have been long
recognized. This review aims to describe recent advances in molecular differences
between throat and skin strains, and the pathogenic mechanisms used by virulence
factors that may distinguish between these two groups. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent
findings include a new typing scheme for GAS strains based on sequence clusters
of genes encoding the entire surface-exposed portion of M protein; correlations
between emm-based typing schemes, clinical disease and surface adhesins; covalent
bond formation mediated by GAS pili and other adhesins in binding to host
ligands; a key role for superantigens in oropharyngeal infection via binding
major histocompatibility complex class II antigen; and migration of GAS-specific
Th17 cells from the upper respiratory tract to the brain, which may be relevant
to autoimmune sequelae. SUMMARY: The gap between molecular markers of disease
(correlation) and virulence mechanisms (causation) in the establishment of tissue
tropisms for GAS infection currently remains wide, but the gap also continues to
narrow. Whole genome sequencing combined with mutant construction and
improvements in animal models for oropharyngeal infection by GAS may help pave
the way for new discoveries.