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2017 ; 11
(3
): 2982-2991
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gab.com Text
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Cyanographene and Graphene Acid: Emerging Derivatives Enabling High-Yield and
Selective Functionalization of Graphene
#MMPMID28208019
Bakandritsos A
; Pykal M
; B?o?ski P
; Jakubec P
; Chronopoulos DD
; Poláková K
; Georgakilas V
; ?épe K
; Tomanec O
; Ranc V
; Bourlinos AB
; Zbo?il R
; Otyepka M
ACS Nano
2017[Mar]; 11
(3
): 2982-2991
PMID28208019
show ga
Efficient and selective methods for covalent derivatization of graphene are
needed because they enable tuning of graphene's surface and electronic
properties, thus expanding its application potential. However, existing
approaches based mainly on chemistry of graphene and graphene oxide achieve only
limited level of functionalization due to chemical inertness of the surface and
nonselective simultaneous attachment of different functional groups,
respectively. Here we present a conceptually different route based on synthesis
of cyanographene via the controllable substitution and defluorination of
fluorographene. The highly conductive and hydrophilic cyanographene allows
exploiting the complex chemistry of -CN groups toward a broad scale of graphene
derivatives with very high functionalization degree. The consequent hydrolysis of
cyanographene results in graphene acid, a 2D carboxylic acid with pK(a) of 5.2,
showing excellent biocompatibility, conductivity and dispersibility in water and
3D supramolecular assemblies after drying. Further, the carboxyl groups enable
simple, tailored and widely accessible 2D chemistry onto graphene, as
demonstrated via the covalent conjugation with a diamine, an aminothiol and an
aminoalcohol. The developed methodology represents the most controllable,
universal and easy to use approach toward a broad set of 2D materials through
consequent chemistries on cyanographene and on the prepared carboxy-, amino-,
sulphydryl-, and hydroxy- graphenes.