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2017 ; 12
(3
): e0172939
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Mass elevation and lee effects markedly lift the elevational distribution of
ground beetles in the Himalaya-Tibet orogen
#MMPMID28339461
Schmidt J
; Böhner J
; Brandl R
; Opgenoorth L
PLoS One
2017[]; 12
(3
): e0172939
PMID28339461
show ga
Mass elevation and lee effects markedly influence snow lines and tree lines in
high mountain systems. However, their impact on other phenomena or groups of
organisms has not yet been quantified. Here we quantitatively studied their
influence in the Himalaya-Tibet orogen on the distribution of ground beetles as
model organisms, specifically whether the ground beetle distribution increases
from the outer to the inner parts of the orogen, against latitudinal effects. We
also tested whether July temperature and solar radiation are predictors of the
beetle's elevational distribution ranges. Finally, we discussed the general
importance of these effects for the distributional and evolutionary history of
the biota of High Asia. We modelled spatially explicit estimates of variables
characterizing temperature and solar radiation and correlated the variables with
the respective lower elevational range of 118 species of ground beetles from 76
high-alpine locations. Both July temperature and solar radiation significantly
positively correlated with the elevational ranges of high-alpine beetles. Against
the latitudinal trend, the median elevation of the respective species
distributions increased by 800 m from the Himalayan south face north to the
Transhimalaya. Our results indicate that an increase in seasonal temperature due
to mass elevation and lee effects substantially impact the regional distribution
patterns of alpine ground beetles of the Himalaya-Tibet orogen and are likely to
affect also other soil biota there and in mountain ranges worldwide. Since these
effects must have changed during orogenesis, their potential impact must be
considered when biogeographic scenarios based on geological models are derived.
As this has not been the practice, we believe that large biases likely exist in
many paleoecological and evolutionary studies dealing with the biota from the
Himalaya-Tibet orogen and mountain ranges worldwide.