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2017 ; 12
(3
): e0174501
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Dissecting the relationships of IgG subclasses and complements in membranous
lupus nephritis and idiopathic membranous nephropathy
#MMPMID28334051
Na W
; Yi K
; Song YS
; Park MH
PLoS One
2017[]; 12
(3
): e0174501
PMID28334051
show ga
Membranous lupus nephritis (MLN) and idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) are
kidney diseases with similar morphology, but distinct etiologies, both producing
glomeruli with immune deposits. Immunoglobulins and complements, the main
components of the deposits, can be detected by immunofluorescence (IF)
microscopy. Previous researches characterized the immune deposits only
individually, but not the interactions between them. To study these relationships
we analyzed an IF profile of IgG subclasses and complements (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3,
IgG4, C3, C1q, and C4) in 53 and 95 cases of biopsy-confirmed MLNs and IMNs,
respectively, mainly using information theory and Bayesian networks. We
identified significant entropy differences between MLN and IMN for all markers
except C3 and IgG1, but mutual information (a measure of mutual dependence) were
not significantly different for all the pairs of markers. The entropy differences
between MLN and IMN, therefore, were not attributable to the mutual information.
These findings suggest that disease type directly and/or indirectly influences
the glomerular deposits of most of IgG subclasses and complements, and that the
interactions between any pair of the markers were similar between the two
diseases. A Markov chain of IgG subclasses was derived from the mutual
information about each pair of IgG subclass. Finally we developed an integrated
disease model, consistent with the previous findings, describing the glomerular
immune deposits of the IgG subclasses and complements based on a Bayesian network
using the Markov chain of IgG subclasses as seed. The relationships between the
markers were effectively explored by information theory and Bayesian network.
Although deposits of IgG subclasses and complements depended on both disease type
and the other markers, the interaction between the markers appears conserved,
independent from the disease type. The disease model provided an integrated and
intuitive representation of the relationships of the IgG subclasses and
complements in MLN and IMN.