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2017 ; 4
(ä): 18-30
Nephropedia Template TP
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English Wikipedia
Oncolytic Group B Adenovirus Enadenotucirev Mediates Non-apoptotic Cell Death
with Membrane Disruption and Release of Inflammatory Mediators
#MMPMID28345021
Dyer A
; Di Y
; Calderon H
; Illingworth S
; Kueberuwa G
; Tedcastle A
; Jakeman P
; Chia SL
; Brown A
; Silva MA
; Barlow D
; Beadle J
; Hermiston T
; Ferguson DJ
; Champion B
; Fisher KD
; Seymour LW
Mol Ther Oncolytics
2017[Mar]; 4
(ä): 18-30
PMID28345021
show ga
Enadenotucirev (EnAd) is a chimeric group B adenovirus isolated by bioselection
from a library of adenovirus serotypes. It replicates selectively in and kills a
diverse range of carcinoma cells, shows effective anticancer activity in
preclinical systems, and is currently undergoing phase I/II clinical trials. EnAd
kills cells more quickly than type 5 adenovirus, and speed of cytotoxicity is
dose dependent. The EnAd death pathway does not involve p53, is predominantly
caspase independent, and appears to involve a rapid fall in cellular ATP.
Infected cells show early loss of membrane integrity; increased exposure
of calreticulin; extracellular release of ATP, HSP70, and HMGB1; and influx of
calcium. The virus also causes an obvious single membrane blister reminiscent of
ischemic cell death by oncosis. In human tumor biopsies maintained in ex vivo
culture, EnAd mediated release of pro-inflammatory mediators such as TNF-?, IL-6,
and HMGB1. In accordance with this, EnAd-infected tumor cells showed potent
stimulation of dendritic cells and CD4(+) T cells in a mixed tumor-leukocyte
reaction in vitro. Whereas many viruses have evolved for efficient propagation
with minimal inflammation, bioselection of EnAd for rapid killing has yielded a
virus with a short life cycle that combines potent cytotoxicity with a
proinflammatory mechanism of cell death.