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2017 ; 4
(ä): 77-86
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Oncolytic Adenoviruses Armed with Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Interleukin-2
Enable Successful Adoptive Cell Therapy
#MMPMID28345026
Havunen R
; Siurala M
; Sorsa S
; Grönberg-Vähä-Koskela S
; Behr M
; Tähtinen S
; Santos JM
; Karell P
; Rusanen J
; Nettelbeck DM
; Ehrhardt A
; Kanerva A
; Hemminki A
Mol Ther Oncolytics
2017[Mar]; 4
(ä): 77-86
PMID28345026
show ga
Adoptive cell therapy holds much promise in the treatment of cancer but results
in solid tumors have been modest. The notable exception is tumor-infiltrating
lymphocyte (TIL) therapy of melanoma, but this approach only works with high-dose
preconditioning chemotherapy and systemic interleukin (IL)-2 postconditioning,
both of which are associated with toxicities. To improve and broaden the
applicability of adoptive cell transfer, we constructed oncolytic adenoviruses
coding for human IL-2 (hIL2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-?), or both. The
viruses showed potent antitumor efficacy against human tumors in
immunocompromised severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. In
immunocompetent Syrian hamsters, we combined the viruses with TIL transfer and
were able to cure 100% of the animals. Cured animals were protected against tumor
re-challenge, indicating a memory response. Arming with IL-2 and TNF-? increased
the frequency of both CD4(+) and CD8(+) TILs in vivo and augmented splenocyte
proliferation ex vivo, suggesting that the cytokines were important for T cell
persistence and proliferation. Cytokine expression was limited to tumors and
treatment-related signs of systemic toxicity were absent, suggesting safety. To
conclude, cytokine-armed oncolytic adenoviruses enhanced adoptive cell therapy by
favorable alteration of the tumor microenvironment. A clinical trial is in
progress to study the utility of Ad5/3-E2F-d24-hTNFa-IRES-hIL2 (TILT-123) in
human patients with cancer.