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2017 ; 28
(1
): 46-55
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Assessment of REPLI-g Multiple Displacement Whole Genome Amplification (WGA)
Techniques for Metagenomic Applications
#MMPMID28344519
Ahsanuddin S
; Afshinnekoo E
; Gandara J
; Hakyemezo?lu M
; Bezdan D
; Minot S
; Greenfield N
; Mason CE
J Biomol Tech
2017[Apr]; 28
(1
): 46-55
PMID28344519
show ga
Amplification of minute quantities of DNA is a fundamental challenge in
low-biomass metagenomic and microbiome studies because of potential biases in
coverage, guanine-cytosine (GC) content, and altered species abundances. Whole
genome amplification (WGA), although widely used, is notorious for introducing
artifact sequences, either by amplifying laboratory contaminants or by nonrandom
amplification of a sample's DNA. In this study, we investigate the effect of
REPLI-g multiple displacement amplification (MDA; Qiagen, Valencia, CA, USA) on
sequencing data quality and species abundance detection in 8 paired metagenomic
samples and 1 titrated, mixed control sample. We extracted and sequenced genomic
DNA (gDNA) from 8 environmental samples and compared the quality of the
sequencing data for the MDA and their corresponding non-MDA samples. The degree
of REPLI-g MDA bias was evaluated by sequence metrics, species composition, and
cross-validating observed species abundance and species diversity estimates using
the One Codex and MetaPhlAn taxonomic classification tools. Here, we provide
evidence of the overall efficacy of REPLI-g MDA on retaining sequencing data
quality and species abundance measurements while providing increased yields of
high-fidelity DNA. We find that species abundance estimates are largely
consistent across samples, even with REPLI-g amplification, as demonstrated by
the Spearman's rank order coefficient (R(2) > 0.8). However, REPLI-g MDA often
produced fewer classified reads at the species, genera, and family level,
resulting in decreased species diversity. We also observed some areas with the
PCR "jackpot effect," with varying input DNA values for the Metagenomics Research
Group (MGRG) controls at specific genomic loci. We visualize this effect in whole
genome coverage plots and with sequence composition analyses and note these
caveats of the MDA method. Despite overall concordance of species abundance
between the amplified and unamplified samples, these results demonstrate that
amplification of DNA using the REPLI-g method has some limitations. These
concerns could be addressed by future improvements in the enzymes or methods for
REPLI-g to be considered a >99% robust method for increasing the amount of
high-fidelity DNA from low-biomass samples or at the very least, accounted for
during computational analysis of MDA samples.