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2017 ; 469
(3-4
): 397-418
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"Pumping iron"-how macrophages handle iron at the systemic, microenvironmental,
and cellular levels
#MMPMID28251312
Nairz M
; Theurl I
; Swirski FK
; Weiss G
Pflugers Arch
2017[Apr]; 469
(3-4
): 397-418
PMID28251312
show ga
Macrophages reside in virtually every organ. First arising during embryogenesis,
macrophages replenish themselves in the adult through a combination of
self-renewal and influx of bone marrow-derived monocytes. As large phagocytic
cells, macrophages participate in innate immunity while contributing to
tissue-specific homeostatic functions. Among the key metabolic tasks are
senescent red blood cell recycling, free heme detoxification, and provision of
iron for de novo hemoglobin synthesis. While this systemic mechanism involves the
shuttling of iron between spleen, liver, and bone marrow through the concerted
function of defined macrophage populations, similar circuits appear to exist
within the microenvironment of other organs. The high turnover of iron is the
prerequisite for continuous erythropoiesis and tissue integrity but challenges
macrophages' ability to maintain cellular iron homeostasis and immune
function.This review provides a brief overview of systemic, microenvironmental,
and cellular aspects of macrophage iron handling with a focus on exciting and
unresolved questions in the field.