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2017 ; 3
(1
): e124
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Alemtuzumab Induction and Delayed Acute Rejection in Steroid-Free Simultaneous
Pancreas-Kidney Transplant Recipients
#MMPMID28349124
Bank JR
; Heidt S
; Moes DJ
; Roelen DL
; Mallat MJ
; van der Boog PJ
; Vergunst M
; Jol-van der Zijde CM
; Bredius RG
; Braat AE
; Ringers J
; van Tol MJ
; Claas FH
; Reinders ME
; de Fijter JW
Transplant Direct
2017[Jan]; 3
(1
): e124
PMID28349124
show ga
BACKGROUND: The optimal immunosuppressive regimen in simultaneous pancreas-kidney
transplant (SPKT) recipients that prevents acute rejection episodes (AREs) and
allows optimal outcome remains elusive. METHODS: This cohort study assessed
incidence and time to AREs in 73 consecutive SPKT recipients receiving
alemtuzumab induction and steroid-free maintenance with tacrolimus and
mycophenolate mofetil. A cohort with single high-dose antithymocyte globulin
(ATG; n = 85) and triple therapy served as controls. In addition, we provided
mechanistic insights in AREs after alemtuzumab depletion, including composition
and alloreactivity of lymphocytes (flow cytometry and mixed lymphocyte reaction)
plasma alemtuzumab levels (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), and maintenance
drug exposure. RESULTS: Overall number of AREs at 3 years was significantly lower
with alemtuzumab versus ATG induction (26.0% vs 43.5%; adjusted hazard ratio,
0.38; P = 0.029). Most AREs (94.6%) with ATG occurred within the first month,
whereas 84.2% of AREs with alemtuzumab occurred beyond 3 months. Patients with
and without an ARE in the steroid-free alemtuzumab group showed no differences in
composition of lymphocytes, or in alemtuzumab levels. Of note, more than two
thirds of these AREs were preceded by empiric tacrolimus and/or mycophenolate
mofetil dose adjustments due to viral infections, leukopenia, or gastrointestinal
symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Alemtuzumab induction resulted in a significant lower
incidence of AREs. Empiric dose adjustments beyond 3 months in the absence of
steroids carry a significant risk for subsequent rejection in SPKT recipients.