Warning: file_get_contents(https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=28381994
&cmd=llinks): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 215
Losing without Fighting - Simple Aversive Stimulation Induces Submissiveness
Typical for Social Defeat via the Action of Nitric Oxide, but Only When Preceded
by an Aggression Priming Stimulus
#MMPMID28381994
Rillich J
; Stevenson PA
Front Behav Neurosci
2017[]; 11
(?): 50
PMID28381994
show ga
Losing a fight (social defeat) induces submissiveness and behavioral depression
in many animals, but the mechanisms are unclear. Here we investigate how the
social defeat syndrome can be established as a result of experiencing aversive
stimuli and the roles of neuromodulators in the process. While biogenic amines
and nitric oxide (NO) are associated with reduced aggression in mammals and
insects, their specific actions during conflict are unknown. Although the social
defeat syndrome normally results from complex interactions, we could induce it in
male crickets simply by applying aversive stimuli (AS) in an aggressive context.
Aggressive crickets became immediately submissive and behaved like losers after
experiencing two brief AS (light wind puffs to the cerci), but only when preceded
by a priming stimulus (PS, stroking the antenna with another male antenna).
Notably, submissiveness was not induced when the PS preceded the AS by more than
1 min, or when the PS followed the AS, or using a female antenna as the preceding
stimulus. These findings suggest that any potentially detrimental stimulus can
acquire the attribute of an aversive agonistic signal when experienced in an
aggressive context. Crickets, it seems, need only to evaluate their net sensory
impact rather than the qualities of a variety of complex agonistic signals.
Selective drug treatments revealed that NO, but not serotonin, dopamine or
octopamine, is necessary to establish the submissive status following pairing of
the priming and aversive stimuli. Moreover, treatment with an NO donor also
induced the social defeat syndrome, but only when combined with the PS. This
confirms our hypothesis that aversive agonistic experiences accumulated by
crickets during fighting invoke social defeat via the action of NO and
illustrates that a relatively simple mechanism underlies the seemingly complex
social decision to flee. The simple stimulus regime described here for inducing
social defeat opens new avenues for investigating the cellular control of
subordinate behavior and post-conflict depression.
free
free
free
