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Proteinopathy, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction: cross talk in
Alzheimer s disease and Parkinson s disease
#MMPMID28352155
Ganguly G
; Chakrabarti S
; Chatterjee U
; Saso L
Drug Des Devel Ther
2017[]; 11
(?): 797-810
PMID28352155
show ga
Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are two common neurodegenerative
diseases of the elderly people that have devastating effects in terms of
morbidity and mortality. The predominant form of the disease in either case is
sporadic with uncertain etiology. The clinical features of Parkinson's disease
are primarily motor deficits, while the patients of Alzheimer's disease present
with dementia and cognitive impairment. Though neuronal death is a common element
in both the disorders, the postmortem histopathology of the brain is very
characteristic in each case and different from each other. In terms of molecular
pathogenesis, however, both the diseases have a significant commonality, and
proteinopathy (abnormal accumulation of misfolded proteins), mitochondrial
dysfunction and oxidative stress are the cardinal features in either case. These
three damage mechanisms work in concert, reinforcing each other to drive the
pathology in the aging brain for both the diseases; very interestingly, the
nature of interactions among these three damage mechanisms is very similar in
both the diseases, and this review attempts to highlight these aspects. In the
case of Alzheimer's disease, the peptide amyloid beta (A?) is responsible for the
proteinopathy, while ?-synuclein plays a similar role in Parkinson's disease. The
expression levels of these two proteins and their aggregation processes are
modulated by reactive oxygen radicals and transition metal ions in a similar
manner. In turn, these proteins - as oligomers or in aggregated forms - cause
mitochondrial impairment by apparently following similar mechanisms.
Understanding the common nature of these interactions may, therefore, help us to
identify putative neuroprotective strategies that would be beneficial in both the
clinical conditions.
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