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10.1016/j.xphs.2016.12.009

http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1016/j.xphs.2016.12.009
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C5357462!5357462!28007559
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suck abstract from ncbi


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pmid28007559      J+Pharm+Sci 2017 ; 106 (4): 1162-74
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  • Macrophage-Mediated Clofazimine Sequestration is Accompanied by a Shift in Host Energy Metabolism #MMPMID28007559
  • Trexel J; Yoon GS; Keswani RK; McHugh C; Yeomans L; Vitvitsky V; Banerjee R; Sud S; Sun Y; Rosania GR; Stringer KA
  • J Pharm Sci 2017[Apr]; 106 (4): 1162-74 PMID28007559show ga
  • Prolonged (8 weeks) oral administration of clofazimine results in a profound pharmacodynamic response- bioaccumulation in macrophages (including Kupffer cells) as intracellular crystal-like drug inclusions (CLDIs) with an associated increase in interleukin-1 receptor antagonist production. Notably, CLDI formation in Kupffer cells concomitantly occurs with the formation of macrophage-centric granulomas. Accordingly, we sought to understand the impact of these events on host metabolism using 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics. Mice received a clofazimine - or vehicle-enriched (sham) diet for at least 8 weeks. At two weeks, the antimicrobial activity of clofazimine was evident by changes in urine metabolites. From 2 to 8 weeks, there was a striking change in metabolite levels indicative of a reorientation of host energy metabolism paralleling the onset of CLDI and granuloma formation. This was evidenced by a progressive reduction in urine levels of metabolites involved in one-carbon metabolism with corresponding increases in whole blood, and changes in metabolites associated with lipid, nucleotide and amino acid metabolism, and glycolysis. Although clofazimine-fed mice ate more, they gained less weight than control mice. Together, these results indicate that macrophage sequestration of clofazimine as CLDIs and granuloma formation is accompanied by a profound metabolic disruption in energy homeostasis and one-carbon metabolism.
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