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2016 ; 7
(42
): 68057-68071
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
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English Wikipedia
Neuropilin-1 is a receptor for extracellular miRNA and AGO2/miRNA complexes and
mediates the internalization of miRNAs that modulate cell function
#MMPMID27486976
Prud'homme GJ
; Glinka Y
; Lichner Z
; Yousef GM
Oncotarget
2016[Oct]; 7
(42
): 68057-68071
PMID27486976
show ga
Extracellular miRNAs are increasingly studied as markers for specific diseases.
They are released in biological fluids in a remarkably stable form, and may play
a role in intercellular communication. They are thought to be protected against
degradation by either encapsulation within microparticles, or by binding to
proteins (mostly AGO2). The particulate forms may be internalized by endocytosis
or membrane fusion, but the protein-bound forms require a receptor mechanism for
their uptake. A major question is whether there are natural cell-membrane
receptors that capture and internalize protein-bound functional miRNAs. We
examined neuropilin-1 (NRP1), in view of its properties as a receptor for many
ligands, including growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor
(VEGF), and efficiency at mediating ligand internalization. It is expressed by
endothelial cells, many other normal cell types, and cancer cells. Here, we
report that NRP1 binds miRNAs with high affinity, and promotes their entry into
the cell. Furthermore, the internalized miRNAs remain functional, as they
specifically regulate proliferation and migration of cancer cells, as well as
tube formation by human endothelial cells. Anti-NRP1 antibodies or NRP1 siRNA
knockdown block miRNA effects, further confirming NRP1-mediated uptake. VEGF does
not compete with miRNAs for binding to NRP1. In addition, NRP1 binds
extracellular AGO2 (carrying miRNA or not), and internalizes AGO2/miRNA
complexes. Because miRNA bound to AGO2 appears to the most abundant form in body
fluids, this may have important physiological and pathological effects.