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2017 ; 8
(ä): 292
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English Wikipedia
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Class I and MHC Class II Proteins:
Conformational Plasticity in Antigen Presentation
#MMPMID28367149
Wieczorek M
; Abualrous ET
; Sticht J
; Álvaro-Benito M
; Stolzenberg S
; Noé F
; Freund C
Front Immunol
2017[]; 8
(ä): 292
PMID28367149
show ga
Antigen presentation by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins is
essential for adaptive immunity. Prior to presentation, peptides need to be
generated from proteins that are either produced by the cell's own translational
machinery or that are funneled into the endo-lysosomal vesicular system. The
prolonged interaction between a T cell receptor and specific pMHC complexes,
after an extensive search process in secondary lymphatic organs, eventually
triggers T cells to proliferate and to mount a specific cellular immune response.
Once processed, the peptide repertoire presented by MHC proteins largely depends
on structural features of the binding groove of each particular MHC allelic
variant. Additionally, two peptide editors-tapasin for class I and HLA-DM for
class II-contribute to the shaping of the presented peptidome by favoring the
binding of high-affinity antigens. Although there is a vast amount of biochemical
and structural information, the mechanism of the catalyzed peptide exchange for
MHC class I and class II proteins still remains controversial, and it is not well
understood why certain MHC allelic variants are more susceptible to peptide
editing than others. Recent studies predict a high impact of protein intermediate
states on MHC allele-specific peptide presentation, which implies a profound
influence of MHC dynamics on the phenomenon of immunodominance and the
development of autoimmune diseases. Here, we review the recent literature that
describe MHC class I and II dynamics from a theoretical and experimental point of
view and we highlight the similarities between MHC class I and class II dynamics
despite the distinct functions they fulfill in adaptive immunity.