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2015 ; 3
(1
): 49-52
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Biofilm assembly becomes crystal clear - filamentous bacteriophage organize the
Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm matrix into a liquid crystal
#MMPMID28357315
Secor PR
; Jennings LK
; Michaels LA
; Sweere JM
; Singh PK
; Parks WC
; Bollyky PL
Microb Cell
2015[Dec]; 3
(1
): 49-52
PMID28357315
show ga
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen associated with
many types of chronic infection. At sites of chronic infection, such as the
airways of people with cystic fibrosis (CF), P. aeruginosa forms biofilm-like
aggregates. These are clusters of bacterial cells encased in a polymer-rich
matrix that shields bacteria from environmental stresses and antibiotic
treatment. When P. aeruginosa forms a biofilm, large amounts of filamentous Pf
bacteriophage (phage) are produced. Unlike most phage that typically lyse and
kill their bacterial hosts, filamentous phage of the genus Inovirus, which
includes Pf phage, often do not, and instead are continuously extruded from the
bacteria. Here, we discuss the implications of the accumulation of filamentous Pf
phage in the biofilm matrix, where they interact with matrix polymers to organize
the biofilm into a highly ordered liquid crystal. This structural configuration
promotes bacterial adhesion, desiccation survival, and antibiotic tolerance - all
features typically associated with biofilms. We propose that Pf phage make
structural contributions to P. aeruginosa biofilms and that this constitutes a
novel form of symbiosis between bacteria and bacteriophage.