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2017 ; 36
(21
): 3002-3014
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The NADPH oxidase NOX4 represses epithelial to amoeboid transition and efficient
tumour dissemination
#MMPMID27941881
Crosas-Molist E
; Bertran E
; Rodriguez-Hernandez I
; Herraiz C
; Cantelli G
; Fabra À
; Sanz-Moreno V
; Fabregat I
Oncogene
2017[May]; 36
(21
): 3002-3014
PMID27941881
show ga
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition is a common event during tumour
dissemination. However, direct epithelial to amoeboid transition has not been
characterized to date. Here we provide evidence that cells from hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC), a highly metastatic cancer, undergo epithelial to amoeboid
transition in physiological environments, such as organoids or three-dimensional
complex matrices. Furthermore, the NADPH oxidase NOX4 inhibits this transition
and therefore suppresses efficient amoeboid bleb-based invasion. Moreover, NOX4
expression is associated with E-cadherin levels and inversely correlated with
invasive features. NOX4 is necessary to maintain parenchymal structures, increase
cell-cell and cell-to-matrix adhesion, and impair actomyosin contractility and
amoeboid invasion. Importantly, NOX4 gene deletions are frequent in HCC patients,
correlating with higher tumour grade. Contrary to that observed in mesenchymal
cell types, here NOX4 suppresses Rho and Cdc42 GTPase expression and downstream
actomyosin contractility. In HCC patients, NOX4 expression inversely correlates
with RhoC and Cdc42 levels. Moreover, low expression of NOX4 combined with high
expression of either RhoC or Cdc42 is associated with worse prognosis. Therefore,
loss of NOX4 increases actomyosin levels and favours an epithelial to amoeboid
transition contributing to tumour aggressiveness.