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10.1111/jvim.14643 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1111/jvim.14643 C5354036!5354036!28190275     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       J+Vet+Intern+Med 2017 ; 31 (2): 465-75 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=28190275|t=2017. Chronic Kidney Disease in Cats and the Risk of Total Hypercalcemia |pdf=|usr=}}{{28190275}} gab.com Text Chronic Kidney Disease in Cats and the Risk of Total Hypercalcemia JO: J Vet Intern Med http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=28190275 #FOAvip Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common comorbidity in cats with hypercalcemia, but whether CKD is a risk factor for hypercalcemia is unclear. Hypercalcemia often is diagnosed based on total calcium concentration (tCa), which tends to underestimate the ionized calcium concentration (iCa) in cats. Objectives: Assessment of the performance of tCa for the diagnosis of ionized hypercalcemia, and exploration of factors influencing the relationship between iCa and tCa. Determination of risk factors for incident total hypercalcemia (ie, the development of hypercalcemia based on tCa during follow?up). Animals: Records of a cross?section (n = 477) and observational cohort (n = 367) of client?owned cats with and without azotemic CKD from first opinion practice. Methods: Retrospective cross?sectional and retrospective cohort study. The diagnostic accuracy of tCa as an index test for ionized hypercalcemia was evaluated, and risk factors for underestimation were explored by binary logistic and linear regression in a cross?section of cats with and without azotemic CKD. Chronic kidney disease and clinicopathological variables were assessed as predictors of incident total hypercalcemia by both time?invariant and time?dependent Cox regression in a cohort of cats. Results: Specificity of tCa for identification of ionized hypercalcemia was high (100%), but sensitivity was low. Underestimation was associated with lower venous bicarbonate concentrations. Cats with CKD had increased risk for incident total hypercalcemia (hazard ratio, 4.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.96?9.37; P < .001). Higher tCa predicted incident total hypercalcemia in both azotemic and nonazotemic cats (P < .001). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Chronic kidney disease is a risk factor for incident total hypercalcemia, and most cats with increased tCa had concurrent ionized hypercalcemia. Higher baseline tCa predicts incident total hypercalcemia. Prospective studies assessing changes in iCa are warranted. Twit Text FOAVip Chronic Kidney Disease in Cats and the Risk of Total Hypercalcemia ????J Vet Intern Med http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=28190275 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=28190275 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|28190275}}</ref> Chronic Kidney Disease in Cats and the Risk of Total Hypercalcemia #MMPMID28190275 van den Broek D; Chang Y; Elliott J; Jepson R J Vet Intern Med 2017[Mar]; 31 (2): 465-75 PMID28190275show ga Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common comorbidity in cats with hypercalcemia, but whether CKD is a risk factor for hypercalcemia is unclear. Hypercalcemia often is diagnosed based on total calcium concentration (tCa), which tends to underestimate the ionized calcium concentration (iCa) in cats. Objectives: Assessment of the performance of tCa for the diagnosis of ionized hypercalcemia, and exploration of factors influencing the relationship between iCa and tCa. Determination of risk factors for incident total hypercalcemia (ie, the development of hypercalcemia based on tCa during follow?up). Animals: Records of a cross?section (n = 477) and observational cohort (n = 367) of client?owned cats with and without azotemic CKD from first opinion practice. Methods: Retrospective cross?sectional and retrospective cohort study. The diagnostic accuracy of tCa as an index test for ionized hypercalcemia was evaluated, and risk factors for underestimation were explored by binary logistic and linear regression in a cross?section of cats with and without azotemic CKD. Chronic kidney disease and clinicopathological variables were assessed as predictors of incident total hypercalcemia by both time?invariant and time?dependent Cox regression in a cohort of cats. Results: Specificity of tCa for identification of ionized hypercalcemia was high (100%), but sensitivity was low. Underestimation was associated with lower venous bicarbonate concentrations. Cats with CKD had increased risk for incident total hypercalcemia (hazard ratio, 4.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.96?9.37; P < .001). Higher tCa predicted incident total hypercalcemia in both azotemic and nonazotemic cats (P < .001). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Chronic kidney disease is a risk factor for incident total hypercalcemia, and most cats with increased tCa had concurrent ionized hypercalcemia. Higher baseline tCa predicts incident total hypercalcemia. Prospective studies assessing changes in iCa are warranted. äChronic Kidney Disease in Cats and the Risk of Total Hypercalcemia (epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing