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2015 ; 27
(4 Pt 2
): 1461-70
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Cortisol profiles: A test for adaptive calibration of the stress response system
in maltreated and nonmaltreated youth
#MMPMID26535937
Peckins MK
; Susman EJ
; Negriff S
; Noll J
; Trickett PK
Dev Psychopathol
2015[Nov]; 27
(4 Pt 2
): 1461-70
PMID26535937
show ga
Throughout the life span, exposure to chronic stress such as child maltreatment
is thought to contribute to future dysfunction of the stress response system
(SRS) through the process of adaptive calibration. Dysfunction of the SRS is
associated with numerous health and behavior problems, so it is important to
understand under what conditions and what time frame adaptive calibration occurs.
The present study tested for adaptive calibration of the SRS in a sample of
maltreated (n = 303) and nonmaltreated (n = 151) youth during the important
developmental period of adolescence. Data were used from Waves 2, 3, and 4 of a
larger study of the consequences of maltreatment on health and well-being. At
each time point, participants underwent the Trier Social Stress Test for Children
and provided a baseline and four poststressor saliva samples to measure cortisol
reactivity. Adaptive calibration was tested by performing a latent profile
analysis using the five samples of salivary cortisol provided at each time point,
and testing whether maltreatment status predicted the likelihood of profile
membership at Time 2, Time 3, and Time 4. Three cortisol profiles emerged from
the data at each time point (blunted, moderate, and elevated), and results
indicated that maltreated youth were more likely than nonmaltreated youth to
present with the blunted cortisol profile compared to the moderate and elevated
profiles at Time 2 and Time 3, even after controlling for recent exposure to
violence and trauma. At Time 4, there was no longer a difference in profile
membership between maltreated and nonmaltreated youth, suggesting adaptive
calibration may be a lengthy process requiring a period of years to become
evident. Overall, the findings provide support for adaptive calibration and offer
insight into the conditions under which adaptive calibration occurs.