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2017 ; 15
(1
): 28
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Potential predatory and legitimate biomedical journals: can you tell the
difference? A cross-sectional comparison
#MMPMID28298236
Shamseer L
; Moher D
; Maduekwe O
; Turner L
; Barbour V
; Burch R
; Clark J
; Galipeau J
; Roberts J
; Shea BJ
BMC Med
2017[Mar]; 15
(1
): 28
PMID28298236
show ga
BACKGROUND: The Internet has transformed scholarly publishing, most notably, by
the introduction of open access publishing. Recently, there has been a rise of
online journals characterized as 'predatory', which actively solicit manuscripts
and charge publications fees without providing robust peer review and editorial
services. We carried out a cross-sectional comparison of characteristics of
potential predatory, legitimate open access, and legitimate subscription-based
biomedical journals. METHODS: On July 10, 2014, scholarly journals from each of
the following groups were identified - potential predatory journals (source:
Beall's List), presumed legitimate, fully open access journals (source: PubMed
Central), and presumed legitimate subscription-based (including hybrid) journals
(source: Abridged Index Medicus). MEDLINE journal inclusion criteria were used to
screen and identify biomedical journals from within the potential predatory
journals group. One hundred journals from each group were randomly selected.
Journal characteristics (e.g., website integrity, look and feel, editors and
staff, editorial/peer review process, instructions to authors, publication model,
copyright and licensing, journal location, and contact) were collected by one
assessor and verified by a second. Summary statistics were calculated. RESULTS:
Ninety-three predatory journals, 99 open access, and 100 subscription-based
journals were analyzed; exclusions were due to website unavailability. Many more
predatory journals' homepages contained spelling errors (61/93, 66%) and
distorted or potentially unauthorized images (59/93, 63%) compared to open access
journals (6/99, 6% and 5/99, 5%, respectively) and subscription-based journals
(3/100, 3% and 1/100, 1%, respectively). Thirty-one (33%) predatory journals
promoted a bogus impact metric - the Index Copernicus Value - versus three (3%)
open access journals and no subscription-based journals. Nearly three quarters
(n?=?66, 73%) of predatory journals had editors or editorial board members whose
affiliation with the journal was unverified versus two (2%) open access journals
and one (1%) subscription-based journal in which this was the case. Predatory
journals charge a considerably smaller publication fee (median $100 USD, IQR
$63-$150) than open access journals ($1865 USD, IQR $800-$2205) and
subscription-based hybrid journals ($3000 USD, IQR $2500-$3000). CONCLUSIONS: We
identified 13 evidence-based characteristics by which predatory journals may
potentially be distinguished from presumed legitimate journals. These may be
useful for authors who are assessing journals for possible submission or for
others, such as universities evaluating candidates' publications as part of the
hiring process.