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Production mechanisms of leptons, photons, and hadrons and their possible
feedback close to lightning leaders
#MMPMID28357174
Köhn C
; Diniz G
; Harakeh MN
J Geophys Res Atmos
2017[Jan]; 122
(2
): 1365-1383
PMID28357174
show ga
It has been discussed that lightning flashes emit high-energy electrons,
positrons, photons, and neutrons with single energies of several tens of MeV. In
the first part of this paper we study the absorption of neutron beams in the
atmosphere. We initiate neutron beams of initial energies of 350 keV, 10 MeV, and
20 MeV at source altitudes of 4 km and 16 km upward and downward and see that in
all these cases neutrons reach ground altitudes and that the cross-section areas
extend to several km(2). We estimate that for terrestrial gamma-ray flashes
approximately between 10 and 2000 neutrons per ms and m(2) are possibly
detectable at ground, at 6 km, or at 500 km altitude. In the second part of the
paper we discuss a feedback model involving the generation and motion of
electrons, positrons, neutrons, protons, and photons close to the vicinity of
lightning leaders. In contrast to other feedback models, we do not consider
large-scale thundercloud fields but enhanced fields of lightning leaders. We
launch different photon and electron beams upward at 4 km altitude. We present
the spatial and energy distribution of leptons, hadrons, and photons after
different times and see that leptons, hadrons, and photons with energies of at
least 40 MeV are produced. Because of their high rest mass hadrons are measurable
on a longer time scale than leptons and photons. The feedback mechanism together
with the field enhancement by lightning leaders yields particle energies even
above 40 MeV measurable at satellite altitudes.
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