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2017 ; 16
(1
): 63
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Mesothelin promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and tumorigenicity of
human lung cancer and mesothelioma cells
#MMPMID28288645
He X
; Wang L
; Riedel H
; Wang K
; Yang Y
; Dinu CZ
; Rojanasakul Y
Mol Cancer
2017[Mar]; 16
(1
): 63
PMID28288645
show ga
BACKGROUND: Lung cancer and pleural mesothelioma are two of the most deadly forms
of cancer. The prognosis of lung cancer and mesothelioma is extremely poor due to
limited treatment modalities and lack of understanding of the disease mechanisms.
We have identified mesothelin as a potentially unique therapeutic target that as
a specific advantage appears nonessential in most cell types. Mesothelin (MSLN),
a plasma membrane differentiation antigen, is expressed at a high level in many
human solid tumors, including 70% of lung cancer and nearly all mesotheliomas.
However, the role of MSLN in the disease process and underlying mechanisms is
largely unknown. METHODS: ShRNA knockdown and overexpression of MSLN were
performed in human cancer cell lines and corresponding normal cells,
respectively. Tumorigenic and metastatic effects of MSLN were examined by tumor
sphere formation, migration, and invasion assays in vitro, as well as xenograft
tumor assay in vivo. EMT and CSCs were detected by qPCR array, immunoblotting and
flow cytometry. RESULTS: MSLN plays a key role in controlling
epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stem properties of human lung
cancer and mesothelioma cells that control their tumorigenicity and metastatic
potential. Firstly, MSLN was found to be highly upregulated in non-small cell
lung cancer (NSCLC) patient tissues and in lung carcinoma and mesothelioma cell
lines. Secondly, genetic knockdown of MSLN significantly reduced
anchorage-independent cell growth, tumor sphere formation, cell adhesion,
migration and invasion in vitro, as well as tumor formation and metastasis in
vivo. Thirdly, ectopic overexpression of MSLN induced the malignant phenotype of
non-cancerous cells, supporting its role as an oncogene. Finally, mechanistic
studies revealed that knockdown of MSLN reversed EMT and attenuated stem cell
properties, in addition to inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis. CONCLUSIONS:
These results indicate an essential role of MSLN in controlling EMT and stem cell
properties of human lung cancer and mesothelioma cells. Since EMT is an important
process in tumor progression and metastasis, and MSLN is nonessential in most
normal tissue, our findings on MSLN may provide new insights into the disease
mechanisms and may aid in the development of novel targeted therapy for lung
cancer and mesothelioma.