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2016 ; 28
(4
): 150-153
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Clinical outcomes among febrile children aged 2 to 59 months with negative
malaria rapid diagnostic test results in Mchinji District, Malawi
#MMPMID28321277
Mwandama D
; Mwale C
; Bauleni A
; Phiri T
; Chisaka J
; Nsona H
; Mathanga DP
Malawi Med J
2016[Dec]; 28
(4
): 150-153
PMID28321277
show ga
BACKGROUND: Malawi malaria treatment guidelines recommend a definitive diagnosis,
using a malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT), for all patients with fever or
history of fever. Improving the management and outcomes of febrile children with
negative mRDT results should be a priority. METHODS: Through a prospective cohort
study designed to investigate clinical outcomes of children treated at the
community level, we followed, for 7 days, children aged 2 to 59 months, who had
negative mRDT results and were treated with antipyretic medication. Clinical
outcomes were assessed on days 3 and 7 post-recruitment. RESULTS: The median age
of recruited children was 19 months. Of the 285 children enrolled, 139 (48.8%)
were females. Of the children for whom data were available for analysis, 95/236
(40.3%) had fever (temperature ? 37.5°C) at enrolment, and almost half of the
sick children (125/268; 46.6%) had symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection.
Most sick children (89.6%; 95% confidence interval, CI = 84.2 to 93.3) recovered,
while 10.4% (95% CI: 6.7 to 15.8) were still sick by day 7 of follow-up. There
were no deaths reported during the 7 days of follow-up. Being afebrile at
enrolment (odds ratio, OR = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.1 to 6.0; P = 0.027) and sleeping
under an insecticide-treated net (ITN) (OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.2 to 6.2; P = 0.011)
were associated with recovery by day 7. In multivariable analysis, sleeping under
an ITN the previous night was the only factor associated with recovery by day 7.
Microscopy did not detect any malaria parasites in the blood of recruited
children, at recruitment or on day 7. CONCLUSIONS: In this community-level study,
the majority of febrile children with negative mRDT results recovered within 7
days of health worker consultation for a febrile illness, having only taken
antipyretics.