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DLX1 acts as a crucial target of FOXM1 to promote ovarian cancer aggressiveness
by enhancing TGF-?/SMAD4 signaling
#MMPMID27593933
Chan DW
; Hui WW
; Wang JJ
; Yung MM
; Hui LM
; Qin Y
; Liang RR
; Leung TH
; Xu D
; Chan KK
; Yao KM
; Tsang BK
; Ngan HY
Oncogene
2017[Mar]; 36
(10
): 1404-1416
PMID27593933
show ga
Recent evidence from a comprehensive genome analysis and functional studies have
revealed that FOXM1 is a crucial metastatic regulator that drives cancer
progression. However, the regulatory mechanism by which FOXM1 exerts its
metastatic functions in cancer cells remains obscure. Here, we report that DLX1
acts as a FOXM1 downstream target, exerting pro-metastatic function in ovarian
cancers. Both FOXM1 isoforms (FOXM1B or FOXM1C) could transcriptionally
upregulate DLX1 through two conserved binding sites, located at +61 to +69bp
downstream (TFBS1) and -675 to -667bp upstream (TFBS2) of the DLX1 promoter,
respectively. This regulation was further accentuated by the significant
correlation between the nuclear expression of FOXM1 and DLX1 in high-grade serous
ovarian cancers. Functionally, the ectopic expression of DLX1 promoted ovarian
cancer cell growth, cell migration/invasion and intraperitoneal dissemination of
ovarian cancer in mice, whereas small interfering RNA-mediated DLX1 knockdown in
FOXM1-overexpressing ovarian cancer cells abrogated these oncogenic capacities.
In contrast, depletion of FOXM1 by shRNAi only partially attenuated tumor growth
and exerted almost no effect on cell migration/invasion and the intraperitoneal
dissemination of DLX1-overexpressing ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, the
mechanistic studies showed that DLX1 positively modulates transforming growth
factor-? (TGF-?) signaling by upregulating PAI-1 and JUNB through direct
interaction with SMAD4 in the nucleus upon TGF-?1 induction. Taken together,
these data strongly suggest that DLX1 has a pivotal role in FOXM1 signaling to
promote cancer aggressiveness through intensifying TGF-?/SMAD4 signaling in
high-grade serous ovarian cancer cells.