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2017 ; 11
(ä): 58
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Rett Syndrome: Implications for
Mitochondria-Targeted Therapies
#MMPMID28352216
Shulyakova N
; Andreazza AC
; Mills LR
; Eubanks JH
Front Cell Neurosci
2017[]; 11
(ä): 58
PMID28352216
show ga
First described over 50 years ago, Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental
disorder caused primarily by mutations of the X-linked MECP2 gene. RTT affects
predominantly females, and has a prevalence of roughly 1 in every 10,000 female
births. Prior to the discovery that mutations of MECP2 are the leading cause of
RTT, there were suggestions that RTT could be a mitochondrial disease. In fact,
several reports documented altered mitochondrial structure, and deficiencies in
mitochondrial enzyme activity in different cells or tissues derived from RTT
patients. With the identification of MECP2 as the causal gene, interest largely
shifted toward defining the normal function of MeCP2 in the brain, and how its
absence affects the neurodevelopment and neurophysiology. Recently, though,
interest in studying mitochondrial function in RTT has been reignited, at least
in part due to observations suggesting systemic oxidative stress does play a
contributing role in RTT pathogenesis. Here we review data relating to
mitochondrial alterations at the structural and functional levels in RTT patients
and model systems, and present a hypothesis for how the absence of MeCP2 could
lead to altered mitochondrial function and elevated levels of cellular oxidative
stress. Finally, we discuss the prospects for treating RTT using interventions
that target specific aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction and/or oxidative
stress.