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2016 ; 7
(50
): 83684-83700
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Platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha mediates nodal metastases in
papillary thyroid cancer by driving the epithelial-mesenchymal transition
#MMPMID27845909
Ekpe-Adewuyi E
; Lopez-Campistrous A
; Tang X
; Brindley DN
; McMullen TP
Oncotarget
2016[Dec]; 7
(50
): 83684-83700
PMID27845909
show ga
Recently platelet derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFR?) was recognized as
a potential target to treat aggressive papillary thyroid cancer given its strong
association with lymph node metastases. However, it is unclear how PDGFR?
potentiates metastases and if it works through the canonical MAPK pathway
traditionally linked to PTC oncogenesis. We explored the phenotypic changes
driven by PDGFR? activation in human papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) cells and the
downstream signalling cascades through which they are effected. We demonstrate
that PDGFR? drives an impressive phenotypic change in PTC cell lines as
documented by significant cytoskeletal rearrangement, increased migratory
potential, and the formation of invadopodia. Cells lacking PDGFR? formed compact
and dense spheroids, whereas cells expressing active PDGFR? exhibited invadopodia
in three-dimensional culture. To achieve this, active PDGFR? provoked downstream
activation of the MAPK/Erk, PI3K/Akt and STAT3 pathways. We further confirmed the
role of PDGFR? as a transformative agent promoting the epithelial to mesenchymal
transition of PTC cells, through the augmentation of Snail and Slug expression.
Crenolanib, a small molecule inhibitor of PDGFR?, suppressed the levels of Snail
and Slug and almost completely reversed all the phenotypic changes. We
demonstrate that PDGFR? activation is an essential component that drives
aggressiveness in PTC cells, and that the signaling pathways are complex,
involving not only the MAPK/Erk but also the PI3K/Akt and STAT3 pathways. This
argues for upstream targeting of the PDGFR? given the redundancy of oncogenic
pathways in PTC, especially in patients whose tumors over-express this tyrosine
kinase receptor.