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2017 ; 11
(2
): e0005331
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
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English Wikipedia
Assessing and managing wounds of Buruli ulcer patients at the primary and
secondary health care levels in Ghana
#MMPMID28245242
Addison NO
; Pfau S
; Koka E
; Aboagye SY
; Kpeli G
; Pluschke G
; Yeboah-Manu D
; Junghanss T
PLoS Negl Trop Dis
2017[Feb]; 11
(2
): e0005331
PMID28245242
show ga
BACKGROUND: Beyond Mycobacterium ulcerans-specific therapy, sound general wound
management is required for successful management of Buruli ulcer (BU) patients
which places them among the large and diverse group of patients in poor countries
with a broken skin barrier. METHODS: Clinically BU suspicious patients were
enrolled between October 2013 and August 2015 at a primary health care (PHC)
center and a municipal hospital, secondary health care (SHC) center in Ghana. All
patients were IS2404 PCR tested and divided into IS2404 PCR positive and negative
groups. The course of wound healing was prospectively investigated including
predictors of wound closure and assessment of infrastructure, supply and health
staff performance. RESULTS: 53 IS2404 PCR positive patients-31 at the PHC center
and 22 at the SHC center were enrolled-and additionally, 80 clinically BU
suspicious, IS2404 PCR negative patients at the PHC center. The majority of the
skin ulcers at the PHC center closed, without the need for surgical intervention
(86.7%) compared to 40% at the SHC center, where the majority required split-skin
grafting (75%) or excision (12.5%). Only 9% of wounds at the PHC center, but 50%
at the SHC center were complicated by bacterial infection. The majority of
patients, 54.8% at the PHC center and 68.4% at the SHC center, experienced wound
pain, mostly severe and associated with wound dressing. Failure of ulcers to heal
was reliably predicted by wound area reduction between week 2 and 4 after
initiation of treatment in 75% at the PHC center, and 90% at the SHC center.
Obvious reasons for arrested wound healing or deterioration of wound were missed
additional severe pathology; at the PHC center (chronic osteomyelitis, chronic
lymphedema, squamous cell carcinoma) and at the SHC center (malignant ulceration,
chronic lymphedema) in addition to hygiene and wound care deficiencies. When
clinically suspicious, but IS2404 PCR negative patients were recaptured in the
community, 76/77 (98.7%) of analyzed wounds were either completely closed (85.7%)
or almost closed (13%). Five percent were found to have important missed severe
pathology (chronic osteomyelitis, ossified fibroma and suspected malignancy).
CONCLUSION: The wounds of most BU patients attending the primary health care
level can be adequately managed. Additionally, the patients are closer to their
families and means of livelihood. Non-healing wounds can be predicted by wound
area reduction between 2 to 4 weeks after initiation of treatment. Patients with
clinically BU suspicious, but PCR negative ulcers need to be followed up to
capture missed diagnoses.