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2017 ; ä (5
): e11277
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Baby Killers: Documentation and Evolution of Scuttle Fly (Diptera: Phoridae)
Parasitism of Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Brood
#MMPMID28325980
Brown BV
; Hash JM
; Hartop EA
; Porras W
; Amorim DS
Biodivers Data J
2017[]; ä (5
): e11277
PMID28325980
show ga
BACKGROUND: Numerous well-documented associations occur among species of scuttle
flies (Diptera: Phoridae) and ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), but examples of
brood parasitism are rare and the mechanisms of parasitism often remain
unsubstantiated. NEW INFORMATION: We present two video-documented examples of ant
brood (larvae and pupae) parasitism by scuttle flies. In footage from Estação
Biológica de Boracéia in Brazil, adult females of Ceratoconus setipennis
Borgmeier can be seen attacking workers of Linepithema humile (Mayr) species
group while they are carrying brood, and ovipositing directly onto brood in the
nest. In another remarkable example, footage from the Soltis Center, near Peñas
Blancas in Costa Rica, shows adult females of an unidentified species of the
Apocephalus grandipalpus Borgmeier group mounting Pheidole Westwood brood
upside-down and ovipositing while the brood are being transported by workers.
Analysis of evolutionary relationships (in preparation) among Apocephalus
Coquillett species shows that this is a newly derived behavior within the genus,
as the A. grandipalpus group arises within a group of adult ant parasitoids. In
contrast, relationships of Ceratoconus Borgmeier have not been studied, and the
lifestyles of the other species in the genus are largely unknown.