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2017 ; 181
(ä): 59-70
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Urinary microbiome of kidney transplant patients reveals dysbiosis with potential
for antibiotic resistance
#MMPMID27669488
Rani A
; Ranjan R
; McGee HS
; Andropolis KE
; Panchal DV
; Hajjiri Z
; Brennan DC
; Finn PW
; Perkins DL
Transl Res
2017[Mar]; 181
(ä): 59-70
PMID27669488
show ga
Recent studies have established that a complex community of microbes colonize the
human urinary tract; however, their role in kidney transplant patients treated
with prophylactic antibiotics remains poorly investigated. Our aim was to
investigate the urinary microbiome of kidney transplant recipients. Urine samples
from 21 patients after kidney transplantation and 8 healthy controls were
collected. All patients received prophylactic treatment with the antibiotic
combination trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Metagenomic DNA was isolated from
urine samples, sequenced using shotgun sequencing approach on Illumina HiSeq 2000
platform, and analyzed for microbial taxonomic and functional annotations. Our
results demonstrate that the urine microbiome of kidney transplants was markedly
different at all taxonomic levels from phyla to species, had decreased microbial
diversity, and increased abundance of potentially pathogenic species compared
with healthy controls. Specifically, at the phylum level, we detected a
significant decrease in Actinobacteria and increase in Firmicutes due to
increases in Enterococcus faecalis. In addition, there was an increase in the
Proteobacteria due to increases in Escherichia coli. Analysis of predicted
functions of the urinary metagenome revealed increased abundance of enzymes in
the folate pathway including dihydrofolate synthase that are not inhibited by
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, but can augment folate metabolism. This report
characterizes the urinary microbiome of kidney transplants using shotgun
metagenomics approach. Our results indicate that the urinary microbiota may be
modified in the context of prophylactic antibiotics, indicating that a
therapeutic intervention may shift the urinary microbiota to select bacterial
species with increased resistance to antibiotics. The evaluation and development
of optimal prophylactic regimens that do not promote antibiotic resistance is an
important future goal.
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