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2017 ; 12
(3
): e0173152
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Measuring scientific impact beyond academia: An assessment of existing impact
metrics and proposed improvements
#MMPMID28278243
Ravenscroft J
; Liakata M
; Clare A
; Duma D
PLoS One
2017[]; 12
(3
): e0173152
PMID28278243
show ga
How does scientific research affect the world around us? Being able to answer
this question is of great importance in order to appropriately channel efforts
and resources in science. The impact by scientists in academia is currently
measured by citation based metrics such as h-index, i-index and citation counts.
These academic metrics aim to represent the dissemination of knowledge among
scientists rather than the impact of the research on the wider world. In this
work we are interested in measuring scientific impact beyond academia, on the
economy, society, health and legislation (comprehensive impact). Indeed
scientists are asked to demonstrate evidence of such comprehensive impact by
authoring case studies in the context of the Research Excellence Framework (REF).
We first investigate the extent to which existing citation based metrics can be
indicative of comprehensive impact. We have collected all recent REF impact case
studies from 2014 and we have linked these to papers in citation networks that we
constructed and derived from CiteSeerX, arXiv and PubMed Central using a number
of text processing and information retrieval techniques. We have demonstrated
that existing citation-based metrics for impact measurement do not correlate well
with REF impact results. We also consider metrics of online attention surrounding
scientific works, such as those provided by the Altmetric API. We argue that in
order to be able to evaluate wider non-academic impact we need to mine
information from a much wider set of resources, including social media posts,
press releases, news articles and political debates stemming from academic work.
We also provide our data as a free and reusable collection for further analysis,
including the PubMed citation network and the correspondence between REF case
studies, grant applications and the academic literature.