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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Breathe+(Sheff) 2017 ; 13 (1): 45-50 Nephropedia Template TP
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Dyspnoea, hyperventilation and functional cough: a guide to which tests help sort them out #MMPMID28289450
Robson A
Breathe (Sheff) 2017[Mar]; 13 (1): 45-50 PMID28289450show ga
Dyspnoea is a multifactorial symptom, defined by the American Thoracic Society as ?a subjective experience of breathing discomfort that consists of qualitatively distinct sensations that vary in intensity? [1]. Dyspnoea is caused by a wide range of conditions, ranging from asthma to pulmonary embolism, and including such nonrespiratory factors such as diabetic ketoacidosis. A patient with asthma who is aware of an increase in the muscular work of breathing during an attack, another patient with a pneumothorax experiencing increased efferent nerve stimulation from pulmonary stretch receptors and a third patient with type 1 respiratory failure would all describe themselves as ?breathless?, but for very different physiological reasons. Identifying the exact source of the patient?s symptoms can be a lengthy process.