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CD44: A Multifunctional Cell Surface Adhesion Receptor Is a Regulator of
Progression and Metastasis of Cancer Cells
#MMPMID28326306
Senbanjo LT
; Chellaiah MA
Front Cell Dev Biol
2017[]; 5
(?): 18
PMID28326306
show ga
CD44 is a cell surface adhesion receptor that is highly expressed in many cancers
and regulates metastasis via recruitment of CD44 to the cell surface. Its
interaction with appropriate extracellular matrix ligands promotes the migration
and invasion processes involved in metastases. It was originally identified as a
receptor for hyaluronan or hyaluronic acid and later to several other ligands
including, osteopontin (OPN), collagens, and matrix metalloproteinases. CD44 has
also been identified as a marker for stem cells of several types. Beside standard
CD44 (sCD44), variant (vCD44) isoforms of CD44 have been shown to be created by
alternate splicing of the mRNA in several cancer. Addition of new exons into the
extracellular domain near the transmembrane of sCD44 increases the tendency for
expressing larger size vCD44 isoforms. Expression of certain vCD44 isoforms was
linked with progression and metastasis of cancer cells as well as patient
prognosis. The expression of CD44 isoforms can be correlated with tumor subtypes
and be a marker of cancer stem cells. CD44 cleavage, shedding, and elevated
levels of soluble CD44 in the serum of patients is a marker of tumor burden and
metastasis in several cancers including colon and gastric cancer. Recent
observations have shown that CD44 intracellular domain (CD44-ICD) is related to
the metastatic potential of breast cancer cells. However, the underlying
mechanisms need further elucidation.
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