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2017 ; 3
(ä): 7
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Long-term complications of sulfur mustard poisoning: retinal electrophysiological
assessment in 40 severely intoxicated Iranian veterans
#MMPMID28286669
Shoeibi N
; Mousavi MN
; Balali-Mood M
; Moshiri M
; Darchini-Maragheh E
; Mousavi SR
; Abrishami M
Int J Retina Vitreous
2017[]; 3
(ä): 7
PMID28286669
show ga
BACKGROUND: The eye is one of the most sensitive organs to sulfur mustard (SM)
[C(4)H(8)Cl(2)S], and preliminary symptoms of exposure usually become evident in
the eyes. In this study we aim to evaluate the possible long-term retinal
electrophysiologic complications of SM poisoning in Iranian veterans during
Iran-Iraq war (1980-1988). METHODS: In a cross-sectional study forty Iranian
veterans who were exposed to mustard gas during the Iran-Iraq war (1980-1988)
were included. All the cases underwent complete ocular exam and retinal
electrophysiological evaluation, including electroretinography (ERG) and
electrooculography (EOG). Data was analyzed using SPSS software. The normal
distribution was checked using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Comparison of
electrophysiologic values with maximum standard levels was performed using
one-sample Student t-test and test of significance was one-tailed. RESULTS:
Foreign body sensation (70%), dry eye (50%), photophobia (30%), lacrimation (20%)
and pain sensation (10%) were among the common symptoms. ERG showed significant
reduced amplitude in rod response, maximal combined response, oscillatory
potentials, cone response and 30 Hz flicker waves compared to normal values
(p < 0.05). Implicit time of b-wave rod response ERG recording was significantly
decreased (p < 0.05). Implicit time of cone response b-wave was within normal
limits. In EOG, Arden ratio did not decrease (total average of 2.311 and 2.48 in
right and left eyes, respectively). CONCLUSION: Delayed toxic effects of SM
poisoning in the veterans were observed in the retina, but not in the retinal
pigment epithelium layer. As the retina is a neural tissue, long-term effects of
SM on neural tissues are presumed.