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10.1186/s40696-016-0017-4 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1186/s40696-016-0017-4 C5330008!5330008!28265441     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 217.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 217.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 217.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 217.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 217.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 251.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Disaster+Mil+Med 2016 ; 2 (ä): ä Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=28265441|t=2016. Toxins as biological weapons for terror?characteristics, challenges and medical countermeasures: a mini-review |pdf=|usr=}}{{28265441}} gab.com Text Toxins as biological weapons for terror characteristics, challenges and medical countermeasures: a mini-review JO: Disaster Mil Med http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=28265441 #FOAvip Toxins are hazardous biochemical compounds derived from bacteria, fungi, or plants. Some have mechanisms of action and physical properties that make them amenable for use as potential warfare agents. Currently, some toxins are classified as potential biological weapons, although they have several differences from classic living bio-terror pathogens and some similarities to manmade chemical warfare agents. This review focuses on category A and B bio-terror toxins recognized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Botulinum neurotoxin, staphylococcal enterotoxin B, Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin, and ricin. Their derivation, pathogenesis, mechanism of action, associated clinical signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment are discussed in detail. Given their expected covert use, the primary diagnostic challenge in toxin exposure is the early detection of morbidity clusters, apart from background morbidity, after a relatively short incubation period. For this reason, it is important that clinicians be familiar with the clinical manifestations of toxins and the appropriate methods of management and countermeasures. Twit Text FOAVip Toxins as biological weapons for terror characteristics, challenges and medical countermeasures: a mini-review ????Disaster Mil Med http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=28265441 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=28265441 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|28265441}}</ref> Toxins as biological weapons for terror?characteristics, challenges and medical countermeasures: a mini-review #MMPMID28265441 Berger T; Eisenkraft A; Bar-Haim E; Kassirer M; Aran AA; Fogel I Disaster Mil Med 2016[]; 2 (ä): ä PMID28265441show ga Toxins are hazardous biochemical compounds derived from bacteria, fungi, or plants. Some have mechanisms of action and physical properties that make them amenable for use as potential warfare agents. Currently, some toxins are classified as potential biological weapons, although they have several differences from classic living bio-terror pathogens and some similarities to manmade chemical warfare agents. This review focuses on category A and B bio-terror toxins recognized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Botulinum neurotoxin, staphylococcal enterotoxin B, Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin, and ricin. Their derivation, pathogenesis, mechanism of action, associated clinical signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment are discussed in detail. Given their expected covert use, the primary diagnostic challenge in toxin exposure is the early detection of morbidity clusters, apart from background morbidity, after a relatively short incubation period. For this reason, it is important that clinicians be familiar with the clinical manifestations of toxins and the appropriate methods of management and countermeasures. äToxins as biological weapons for terror?characteristics, challenges an(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing