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10.3389/fimmu.2017.00184 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00184 C5329032!5329032!28293240     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Front+Immunol 2017 ; 8 (ä): ä Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=28293240|t=2017. Extracellular Acidification Inhibits the ROS-Dependent Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps |pdf=|usr=}}{{28293240}} gab.com Text Extracellular Acidification Inhibits the ROS-Dependent Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps JO: Front Immunol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=28293240 #FOAvip The inflammatory microenvironment is commonly characterized by extracellular acidosis (pH?<?7.35). Sensitivity to pH, CO2 or bicarbonate concentrations allows neutrophils to react to changes in their environment and to detect inflamed areas in the tissue. One important antimicrobial effector mechanism is the production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are released during a programmed reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent cell death, the so-called NETosis. Although several functions of neutrophils have been analyzed under acidic conditions, the effect of extracellular acidosis on NETosis remains mainly unexplored and the available experimental results are contradictory. We performed a comprehensive study with the aim to elucidate the effect of extracellular acidosis on ROS-dependent NETosis of primary human neutrophils and to identify the underlying mechanisms. The study was performed in parallel in a CO2?bicabonate-buffered culture medium, which mimics in vivo conditions, and under HEPES-buffered conditions to verify the effect of pH independent of CO2 or bicarbonate. We could clearly show that extracellular acidosis (pH 6.5, 6.0, and 5.5) and intracellular acidification inhibit the release of ROS-dependent NETs upon stimulation of neutrophils with phorbol myristate acetate and immobilized immune complexes. Moreover, our findings suggest that the diminished NET release is a consequence of reduced ROS production and diminished glycolysis of neutrophils under acidic conditions. It was suggested previously that neutrophils can sense the border of inflamed tissue by the pH gradient and that a drop in pH serves as an indicator for the progress of inflammation. Following this hypothesis, our data indicate that an acidic inflammatory environment results in inhibition of extracellular operating effector mechanisms of neutrophils such as release of ROS and NETs. This way the release of toxic components and tissue damage can be avoided. However, we observed that major antimicrobial effector mechanisms such as phagocytosis and the killing of pathogens by neutrophils remain functional under acidic conditions. Twit Text FOAVip Extracellular Acidification Inhibits the ROS-Dependent Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ????Front Immunol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=28293240 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=28293240 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|28293240}}</ref> Extracellular Acidification Inhibits the ROS-Dependent Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps #MMPMID28293240 Behnen M; Möller S; Brozek A; Klinger M; Laskay T Front Immunol 2017[]; 8 (ä): ä PMID28293240show ga The inflammatory microenvironment is commonly characterized by extracellular acidosis (pH? äExtracellular Acidification Inhibits the ROS-Dependent Formation of Ne(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing