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2016 ; 7
(39
): 63779-63792
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RSL3 and Erastin differentially regulate redox signaling to promote Smac
mimetic-induced cell death
#MMPMID27588473
Dächert J
; Schoeneberger H
; Rohde K
; Fulda S
Oncotarget
2016[Sep]; 7
(39
): 63779-63792
PMID27588473
show ga
Redox mechanisms play an important role in the control of various signaling
pathways. Here, we report that Second mitochondrial activator of caspases (Smac)
mimetic-induced cell death is regulated by redox signaling. We show that RSL3, a
glutathione (GSH) peroxidase (GPX) 4 inhibitor, or Erastin, an inhibitor of the
cystine/glutamate antiporter, cooperate with the Smac mimetic BV6 to induce
reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent cell death in acute lymphoblastic
leukemia (ALL) cells. Addition of the caspase inhibitor
N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone (zVAD.fmk) fails to rescue
ROS-induced cell death, demonstrating that RSL3/BV6- or Erastin/BV6-induced cell
death occurs in a caspase-independent manner. Interestingly, the iron chelator
Deferoxamine (DFO) significantly inhibits RSL3/BV6-induced cell death, whereas it
is unable to rescue cell death by Erastin/BV6, showing that RSL3/BV6-, but not
Erastin/BV6-mediated cell death depends on iron. ROS production is required for
both RSL3/BV6- and Erastin/BV6-induced cell death, since the ROS scavenger
?-tocopherol (?-Toc) rescues RSL3/BV6- and Erastin/BV6-induced cell death. By
comparison, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of lipid peroxidation by GPX4
overexpression or ferrostatin (Fer)-1 significantly decreases RSL3/BV6-, but not
Erastin/BV6-induced cell death, despite inhibition of lipid peroxidation upon
exposure to RSL3/BV6 or Erastin/BV6. Of note, inhibition of lipid peroxidation by
Fer-1 protects from RSL3/BV6-, but not from Erastin/BV6-stimulated ROS
production, indicating that other forms of ROS besides lipophilic ROS occur
during Erastin/BV6-induced cell death. Taken together, RSL3/BV6 and Erastin/BV6
differentially regulate redox signaling and cell death in ALL cells. While
RSL3/BV6 cotreatment induces ferroptotic cell death, Erastin/BV6 stimulates
oxidative cell death independently of iron. These findings have important
implications for the therapeutic targeting of redox signaling to enhance Smac
mimetic-induced cell death in ALL.