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2017 ; 12
(2
): e0172592
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Suppression of TGF-? pathway by pirfenidone decreases extracellular matrix
deposition in ocular fibroblasts in vitro
#MMPMID28231275
Stahnke T
; Kowtharapu BS
; Stachs O
; Schmitz KP
; Wurm J
; Wree A
; Guthoff RF
; Hovakimyan M
PLoS One
2017[]; 12
(2
): e0172592
PMID28231275
show ga
In glaucoma surgery, fibrotic processes occur, leading to impairment of liquid
outflow. Activated fibroblasts are responsible for postoperative scarring. The
transforming growth factor-? (TGF-?) pathway plays a key role in fibroblast
function, differentiation and proliferation. The aim of this study was the
characterization of the fibrotic potential of two subtypes of primary human
ocular fibroblasts and the attempt to inhibit fibrotic processes specifically,
without impairing cell viability. For fibrosis inhibition we focused on the small
molecule pirfenidone, which has been shown to prevent pulmonary fibrosis by the
decrease of the expression of TGF-?1, TGF-?2 and TGF-?3 cytokines. For in vitro
examinations, isolated human primary fibroblasts from Tenon capsule and human
intraconal orbital fat tissues were used. These fibroblast subpopulations were
analyzed in terms of the expression of matrix components responsible for
postoperative scarring. We concentrated on the expression of collagen I, III, VI
and fibronectin. Additionally, we analyzed the expression of ?-smooth muscle
actin, which serves as a marker for fibrosis and indicates transformation of
fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Gene expression was analyzed by rtPCR and
synthesized proteins were examined by immunofluorescence and Western blot
methods. Proliferation of fibroblasts under different culture conditions was
assessed using BrdU assay. TGF-?1 induced a significant increase of cell
proliferation in both cell types. Also the expression of some fibrotic markers
was elevated. In contrast, pirfenidone decreased cell proliferation and matrix
synthesis in both fibroblast subpopulations. Pirfenidone slightly attenuated
TGF-?1 induced expression of fibronectin and ?-smooth muscle actin in fibroblast
cultures, without impairing cell viability. To summarize, manipulation of the
TGF-? signaling pathway by pirfenidone represents a specific antifibrotic
approach with no toxic side effects in two human orbital fibroblast subtypes. We
presume that pirfenidone is a promising candidate for the treatment of fibrosis
following glaucoma surgery.