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2015 ; 1
(3
): e000029
Nephropedia Template TP
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Applying phylogenomics to understand the emergence of Shiga-toxin-producing
Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains causing severe human disease in the UK
#MMPMID28348814
Dallman TJ
; Ashton PM
; Byrne L
; Perry NT
; Petrovska L
; Ellis R
; Allison L
; Hanson M
; Holmes A
; Gunn GJ
; Chase-Topping ME
; Woolhouse MEJ
; Grant KA
; Gally DL
; Wain J
; Jenkins C
Microb Genom
2015[Sep]; 1
(3
): e000029
PMID28348814
show ga
Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 is a recently emerged
zoonotic pathogen with considerable morbidity. Since the emergence of this
serotype in the 1980s, research has focussed on unravelling the evolutionary
events from the E. coli O55:H7 ancestor to the contemporaneous globally dispersed
strains observed today. In this study, the genomes of over 1000 isolates from
both human clinical cases and cattle, spanning the history of STEC O157:H7 in the
UK, were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the ancestry, key acquisition
events and global context of the strains. Dated phylogenies estimated the time to
evolution of the most recent common ancestor of the current circulating global
clone to be 175?years ago. This event was followed by rapid diversification. We
show the acquisition of specific virulence determinates has occurred relatively
recently and coincides with its recent detection in the human population. We used
clinical outcome data from 493 cases of STEC O157:H7 to assess the relative risk
of severe disease including haemolytic uraemic syndrome from each of the defined
clades in the population and show the dramatic effect Shiga toxin repertoire has
on virulence. We describe two strain replacement events that have occurred in the
cattle population in the UK over the last 30 years, one resulting in a highly
virulent strain that has accounted for the majority of clinical cases in the UK
over the last decade. There is a need to understand the selection pressures
maintaining Shiga-toxin-encoding bacteriophages in the ruminant reservoir and the
study affirms the requirement for close surveillance of this pathogen in both
ruminant and human populations.