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A Timely Shift from Shotgun to Targeted Proteomics and How It Can Be
Groundbreaking for Cancer Research
#MMPMID28265552
Faria SS
; Morris CF
; Silva AR
; Fonseca MP
; Forget P
; Castro MS
; Fontes W
Front Oncol
2017[]; 7
(?): 13
PMID28265552
show ga
The fact that cancer is a leading cause of death all around the world has
naturally sparked major efforts in the pursuit of novel and more efficient
biomarkers that could better serve as diagnostic tools, prognostic predictors, or
therapeutical targets in the battle against this type of disease. Mass
spectrometry-based proteomics has proven itself as a robust and logical
alternative to the immuno-based methods that once dominated the field.
Nevertheless, intrinsic limitations of classic proteomic approaches such as the
natural gap between shotgun discovery-based methods and clinically applicable
results have called for the implementation of more direct, hypothesis-based
studies such as those made available through targeted approaches, that might be
able to streamline biomarker discovery and validation as a means to increase
survivability of affected patients. In fact, the paradigm shifting potential of
modern targeted proteomics applied to cancer research can be demonstrated by the
large number of advancements and increasing examples of new and more useful
biomarkers found during the course of this review in different aspects of cancer
research. Out of the many studies dedicated to cancer biomarker discovery, we
were able to devise some clear trends, such as the fact that breast cancer is the
most common type of tumor studied and that most of the research for any given
type of cancer is focused on the discovery diagnostic biomarkers, with the
exception of those that rely on samples other than plasma and serum, which are
generally aimed toward prognostic markers. Interestingly, the most common type of
targeted approach is based on stable isotope dilution-selected reaction
monitoring protocols for quantification of the target molecules. Overall, this
reinforces that notion that targeted proteomics has already started to fulfill
its role as a groundbreaking strategy that may enable researchers to catapult the
number of viable, effective, and validated biomarkers in cancer clinical
practice.
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