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2017 ; 79
(ä): 12-22
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Extracellular vesicles of the blood-brain barrier: Role in the HIV-1 associated
amyloid beta pathology
#MMPMID28040512
András IE
; Leda A
; Contreras MG
; Bertrand L
; Park M
; Skowronska M
; Toborek M
Mol Cell Neurosci
2017[Mar]; 79
(ä): 12-22
PMID28040512
show ga
HIV-infected brains are characterized by increased amyloid beta (A?) deposition.
It is believed that the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is critical for A? homeostasis
and contributes to A? accumulation in the brain. Extracellular vesicles (ECV),
like exosomes, recently gained a lot of attention as potentially playing a
significant role in A? pathology. In addition, HIV-1 hijacks the exosomal pathway
for budding and release. Therefore, we investigated the involvement of
BBB-derived ECV in the HIV-1-induced A? pathology in the brain. Our results
indicate that HIV-1 increases ECV release from brain endothelial cells as well as
elevates their A? cargo when compared to controls. Interestingly, brain
endothelial cell-derived ECV transferred A? to astrocytes and pericytes. Infusion
of brain endothelial ECV carrying fluorescent A? into the internal carotid artery
of mice resulted in A? fluorescence associated with brain microvessels and in the
brain parenchyma. These results suggest that ECV carrying A? can be successfully
transferred across the BBB into the brain. Based on these observations, we
conclude that HIV-1 facilitates the shedding of brain endothelial ECV carrying
A?; a process that may increase A? exposure of cells of neurovascular unit, and
contribute to amyloid deposition in HIV-infected brain.