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2017 ; 10
(2
): 77-88
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Drosophila and genome-wide association studies: a review and resource for the
functional dissection of human complex traits
#MMPMID28151408
Wangler MF
; Hu Y
; Shulman JM
Dis Model Mech
2017[Feb]; 10
(2
): 77-88
PMID28151408
show ga
Human genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified
thousands of susceptibility loci for common diseases with complex genetic
etiologies. Although the susceptibility variants identified by GWAS usually have
only modest effects on individual disease risk, they contribute to a substantial
burden of trait variation in the overall population. GWAS also offer valuable
clues to disease mechanisms that have long proven to be elusive. These insights
could lead the way to breakthrough treatments; however, several challenges hinder
progress, making innovative approaches to accelerate the follow-up of results
from GWAS an urgent priority. Here, we discuss the largely untapped potential of
the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, for functional investigation of findings
from human GWAS. We highlight selected examples where strong genomic conservation
with humans along with the rapid and powerful genetic tools available for flies
have already facilitated fine mapping of association signals, elucidated gene
mechanisms, and revealed novel disease-relevant biology. We emphasize current
research opportunities in this rapidly advancing field, and present bioinformatic
analyses that systematically explore the applicability of Drosophila for
interrogation of susceptibility signals implicated in more than 1000 human
traits, based on all GWAS completed to date. Thus, our discussion is targeted at
both human geneticists seeking innovative strategies for experimental validation
of findings from GWAS, as well as the Drosophila research community, by whom
ongoing investigations of the implicated genes will powerfully inform our
understanding of human disease.