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2017 ; 31
(1
): 18-33
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
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English Wikipedia
Translation reprogramming is an evolutionarily conserved driver of phenotypic
plasticity and therapeutic resistance in melanoma
#MMPMID28096186
Falletta P
; Sanchez-Del-Campo L
; Chauhan J
; Effern M
; Kenyon A
; Kershaw CJ
; Siddaway R
; Lisle R
; Freter R
; Daniels MJ
; Lu X
; Tüting T
; Middleton M
; Buffa FM
; Willis AE
; Pavitt G
; Ronai ZA
; Sauka-Spengler T
; Hölzel M
; Goding CR
Genes Dev
2017[Jan]; 31
(1
): 18-33
PMID28096186
show ga
The intratumor microenvironment generates phenotypically distinct but
interconvertible malignant cell subpopulations that fuel metastatic spread and
therapeutic resistance. Whether different microenvironmental cues impose invasive
or therapy-resistant phenotypes via a common mechanism is unknown. In melanoma,
low expression of the lineage survival oncogene microphthalmia-associated
transcription factor (MITF) correlates with invasion, senescence, and drug
resistance. However, how MITF is suppressed in vivo and how MITF-low cells in
tumors escape senescence are poorly understood. Here we show that
microenvironmental cues, including inflammation-mediated resistance to adoptive
T-cell immunotherapy, transcriptionally repress MITF via ATF4 in response to
inhibition of translation initiation factor eIF2B. ATF4, a key transcription
mediator of the integrated stress response, also activates AXL and suppresses
senescence to impose the MITF-low/AXL-high drug-resistant phenotype observed in
human tumors. However, unexpectedly, without translation reprogramming an
ATF4-high/MITF-low state is insufficient to drive invasion. Importantly,
translation reprogramming dramatically enhances tumorigenesis and is linked to a
previously unexplained gene expression program associated with anti-PD-1
immunotherapy resistance. Since we show that inhibition of eIF2B also drives
neural crest migration and yeast invasiveness, our results suggest that
translation reprogramming, an evolutionarily conserved starvation response, has
been hijacked by microenvironmental stress signals in melanoma to drive
phenotypic plasticity and invasion and determine therapeutic outcome.