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2017 ; 36
(15
): 2074-2084
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Glutamine activates STAT3 to control cancer cell proliferation independently of
glutamine metabolism
#MMPMID27748760
Cacace A
; Sboarina M
; Vazeille T
; Sonveaux P
Oncogene
2017[Apr]; 36
(15
): 2074-2084
PMID27748760
show ga
Cancer cells can use a variety of metabolic substrates to fulfill the
bioenergetic and biosynthetic needs of their oncogenic program. Besides
bioenergetics, cancer cell metabolism also directly influences genetic,
epigenetic and signaling events associated with tumor progression. Many cancer
cells are addicted to glutamine, and this addiction is observed in oxidative as
well as in glycolytic cells. Although both oxidative and bioreductive glutamine
metabolism can contribute to cancer progression and glutamine can further serve
to generate peptides (including glutathione) and proteins, we report that
glutamine promotes the proliferation of cancer cells independently of its use as
a metabolic fuel or as a precursor of glutathione. Extracellular glutamine
activates transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
(STAT3), which is necessary and sufficient to mediate the proliferative effects
of glutamine on glycolytic and oxidative cancer cells. Glutamine also activates
transcription factors hypoxia-inducible factor-1, mammalian target of rapamycin
and c-Myc, but these factors do not mediate the effects of glutamine on cancer
cell proliferation. Our findings shed a new light on the anticancer effects of
l-asparaginase that possesses glutaminase activity and converts glutamine into
glutamate extracellularly. Conversely, cancer resistance to treatments that block
glutamine metabolism could arise from glutamine-independent STAT3 reactivation.