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2017 ; 242
(1
): 53-67
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Original Research: Featured Article: Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) inhibits Notch
and c-Myc signaling: Five-day treatment permanently rescues mammary development
#MMPMID27550925
Callahan R
; Chestnut BA
; Raafat A
Exp Biol Med (Maywood)
2017[Jan]; 242
(1
): 53-67
PMID27550925
show ga
Wap-Int3 transgenic females expressing the Notch4 intracellular domain
(designated Int3) from the whey acidic protein promoter exhibit two phenotypes in
the mammary gland: blockage of lobuloalveolar development and lactation, and
tumor development with 100% penetrance. Previously, we have shown that treatment
of Wap-Int3 tumor bearing mice with Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) is associated
with complete regression of the tumor. In the present study, we show that
treatment of Wap-Int3 mice during day 1 through day 6 of pregnancy with Gleevec
leads to the restoration of their lobuloalveolar development and ability to
lactate in subsequent pregnancies in absence of Gleevec treatment. In addition,
these mice do not develop mammary tumors. We investigated the mechanism for
Gleevec regulation of Notch signaling and found that Gleevec treatment results in
a loss of Int3 protein but not of Int3 mRNA in HC11 mouse mammary epithelial
cells expressing Int3. The addition of MG-132, a proteasome inhibitor, shows
increased ubiquitination of Int3 in the presence of Gleevec. Thus, Gleevec
affects the stability of Int3 by promoting the degradation of Int3 via E3
ubiquitin ligases targeting it for the proteasome degradation. Gleevec is a
tyrosine kinase inhibitor that acts on c-Kit and PDGFR. Therefore, we
investigated the downstream substrate kinase GSK3? to ascertain the possible role
that this kinase might play in the stability of Int3. Data show that Gleevec
degradation of Int3 is GSK3? dependent. We have expanded our study of the effects
Gleevec has on tumorigenesis of other oncogenes. We have found that
anchorage-independent growth of HC11-c-Myc cells as well as tumor growth in nude
mice is inhibited by Gleevec treatment. As with Int3, Gleevec treatment appears
to destabilize the c-Myc protein but not mRNA. These results indicate that
Gleevec could be a potential therapeutic drug for patients bearing Notch4 and/or
c-Myc positive breast carcinomas.